1 What is 5C marketing framework?

5C marketing framework is a tool to analyze the situational forces that form the business environment. The analysis emphasizes micro and macro environmental factors that exert a strong influence on the organizations' business operations. Marketing managers can conduct the 5C analysis to timely identify the strengths and weaknesses in the internal environment, and possible risks and opportunities present in the external environment.

2 Application of the 5C model on Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission

2.1 Company

Some examples of the company related factors are given below:

2.1.1 Research and development

Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission spends heavily on the research and development activities to preserve its leadership position in various product segments. Heavy investment in building the IT network, marketing, product design and process optimization supports the distribution and promotion strategies.

2.1.2 Culture

Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission has a strong culture of process and product innovation. Top management supports the innovative and creative ideas, and employees are encouraged to participate in the problem solving process. The organizational culture supports the vision, mission and values.

2.1.3 Scale of production

Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emissionhas a large scale of production, which enables the company to achieve the benefits of economies of scale. Large scale production enhances the competitive strength of the company and enables the company to produce better quality products at reduced costs.

2.1.4 SWOT-Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission

The SWOT analysis is an effective tool to analyze the company related factors. Application of this tool in Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission’ context involves identification of key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

The following table presents the SWOT in the concisely summarized form:

2.2 Customers

Customer analysis mainly covers the following points:

2.2.1 Market segments

• Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission targets both high end and low-end market segments.
• The organization's decision to choose broader and multiple segments have expanded the scope of opportunities.
• The targeted segments are expected to have a steady market growth rate in future.
• The primary customer segment of the Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission is the family with children, which requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to do social, emotional and functional jobs to keep this market segment happy and satisfied. The functional job includes performing core operations, the social job includes providing augmented services to promote family and social gatherings, and emotional job includes showing concern and commitment to take care of customers.

2.2.2 Frequency and quantity of purchases

• The quantity and frequency of purchase in the targeted market are high, and both are favorable growth indicators for the organization.
• Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission can adapt its marketing strategies according to changes in frequency and quantity by offering more discounts and family deals.

2.2.3 Brand loyalty

• Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission operates in the low-involvement product category.
• Usually, developing brand loyalty in low-involvement markets is challenging compared to high-involvement markets as a lot of alternative options are available and psychological switching costs are also low.
• Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission ’ customers are price sensitive. Their price sensitivity, changing tastes and preferences and high health consciousness requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to invest in customer research activities and closely monitor their attitude and consumption behavior.

2.2.4 Customer needs

• It is important to identify the critical customer desired features and incorporate them into marketing and advertising strategies.
• Customers changing attitudes towards healthy alternatives and prioritizing the quality over price also have important consequences for the organization.

2.3 Competitors

Porter five forces is a useful tool to conduct competitor analysis:

2.3.1 Bargaining power of buyers

• Strong bargaining power of buyers puts downward pressure on pricing and induces Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to offer the high quality product at discounted pricing.
• Strong bargaining power makes it easier for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission ’ customers to switch to other alternatives.
• There are three major reasons for strong buyer bargaining power:
  • High substitute availability.
  • A wide number of alternatives.
  • Low economic and psychological switching costs.

2.3.2 Bargaining power of suppliers

• Weak bargaining power of supplier makes it comparatively less important strategic issue for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission as suppliers cannot dictate the prices and have to accept the Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission ’ terms and conditions.
• Three factors result in moderate to weak supplier power:
  • A large number of suppliers
  • High overall supply
  • Suppliers’ weak control over their distribution network

2.3.3 Competitive rivalry

• Currently, the rivalry among competitors is high, which makes it difficult for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to achieve its market growth objectives.
• The product differentiation is low and setting the differentiation basis has become increasingly challenging.
• Intense competitive rivalry is a major reason for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission ’ declining profitability.

2.3.4 Threat of substitutes

• The technological advancement has raised the threat of substitutes for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission .
• Changing trends towards healthy products also raises the consequences of this threat for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission .
• Overall, the threat of substitutes is strong for the following reasons:
  • High performance/cost ratio of substitute products.
  • High availability of substitute products.
  • Low switching cost.

2.3.5 Threat of new entrants

• Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission faces moderate new entrant threat, which means new entrants do not have a significant influence on Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission ’ market share.
• High level marketing know-how with huge expenditure on marketing activities is required to enter the industry.
• Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission faces a moderate threat of new entrants for the following reasons:
  • High brand development cost weakens the threat.
  • Low switching cost increases the threat.
  • High capital cost weakens the threat.

2.4 Collaborators

• An in-depth collaborator analysis requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to conduct a detailed value chain analysis and carefully consider the bargaining power of suppliers to explore the collaboration opportunities.
• Collaborators include the downstream and upstream value chain partners, business allies, community leaders, government and others. To choose the appropriate collaborator partners, Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission needs to evaluate different value chain factors, like- value chain flexibility, efficiency, agility, revenue sharing among value chain partners and strengths and weaknesses of possible collaborators. The detailed collaborator analysis can allow Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to enhance and its supply chain efficiency and increase control over it through vertical integration.
• When operating at the international stage, multinational organizations like Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission must understand the local preferences of their customers and make all decisions (ranging from production to marketing) accordingly.
• An agile and flexible supply chain can make collaboration easier for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission .
• Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission has partnered with various collaborators that allowed the company to develop new product lines and enhance the product development and distribution process.
• It is important for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to understand the behaviors, relationships, choices, purpose and context of collaborators to make the right decision. Some important points that must be integrated into the collaborator analysis are:
  • What is the business environment in which potential collaborators operate and what strategies they are using to play in the market?
  • What are their key strategic priorities and choices?
  • What are their internal and external communication mechanisms?
  • What are their key strengths and weaknesses, and what opportunities and threats external environment imposed on them?

2.5 Context

Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission must understand the external environmental context in which it is operating to make the right business decisions and forecast the future. One important tool to understand business context is the PEST analysis.

2.5.1 Political Context

Understanding the political context requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to identify possible political issues such as labor or tax laws, changing trade regulations or legislative problems.

• The present governance system requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to study the changing government policies closely
• Presence in multiple markets increases the risk of political instability.
• The geo political risks have increased for Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission due to recent developments in the global political scenario.

2.5.2 Social Context

Understanding the social context requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to analyze the major trends in culture, education and demographic patterns.

• A general rise in the health consciousness of customers imposes a risk to the Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission .
• Population growth and rising low-end market segments offer opportunities to Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission
• The attitude towards migration in markets where Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission is present requires the company to consider its impact on changing demographics carefully.

2.5.3 Economic Context

Understanding the economic context requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to identify major economic issues like growth in important economic indicators, changes in the labor costs and business cycle stages.

• Inflation exerts a strong impact on the pricing structure of Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission .
• Presence in multiple markets requires marketing managers of Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to adapt their strategies according to consumer behavior, which is different during recession and boom.
• The downward market pressure and changes in customers’ purchasing power should also be considered to make effective marketing strategies.

2.5.4 Technological Context

Understanding the technological context requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to understand recent technological developments and their impact on the organization’s cost structure and other business operations.

• The entrance of new market players and their investment in research and development requires Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to protect their intellectual property rights.
• The technological advancement has shortened the product life cycles, requiring Nissan s Electric Vehicle Strategy in 2011 Leading the Way Towards Zero-emission to enhance its value chain efficiency.
• Technological development has lowered production cost and increased the need to restructure the supply chain.

Overall, the purpose of understanding the context is to determine if any opportunities or risks are imposed by major external environmental forces.

3 Conclusion

Collecting the information about all 5 C elements (company, customers, competitors, collaborators and context) is a first step towards developing effective and informed marketing strategies. 5C analysis sets the foundation for developing a wise and well-defined marketing plan.